The actin cytoskeleton of wild-type and YopE-expressing yeast were visualized two hours after induction of expression of YopE from the appropriate cells. The cells were fixed and then stained with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin to visualize the actin cytoskeleton. YopE expression disrupts polarity of the yeast actin cytoskeleton. (Adapted from EMBO J. 20:1840-1849, 2001 with permission of Oxford University Press.)