Yeast expressing Salmonella translocated proteins. (A) When expressed at high levels, SspA (green) and the entire actin cytoskeleton (red) colocalize (yellow). At low levels of expression, SspA (green) initially colocalizes (yellow) with one to two of the thirty to fifty cortical patches (red) in the yeast. Over time, when expressed at low levels, SspA(green) colocalizes (yellow) with the subset of actin cables (red) that appear to originate from the cortical patches that previously colocalized with SspA. (Adapted from EMBO J. 20:1840-1849, 2001, with permission of Oxford University Press.) (B) One of the SP12 translocated proteins colocalizes with the yeast vacuolar membrane.